Coexistence of Equality and Inequality under the Social...

Political theories abound, considering many parts of society and the body politic. John Locke was one of the first to expound on the origins of property, and sixty-six years later Jean-Jacques Rousseau would also address the issues of property and inequality. According to Locke and Rousseau, the social contract is sanctioned by formal equalities yet creates or gives way to inequalities after it is formed. Though Locke would argue that inequalities in the private sphere don’t fall under the jurisdiction of the government, Rousseau would say justice gets deformed through inequality. Understanding how both equality and inequality can be present under the terms of the social contract is important because we cannot understand how to†¦show more content†¦Since everything was owned in common at first, Locke argues that individuals appropriate property when they add their labor to something owned in common and therefore improve it. Locke would also say that you donâ€⠄¢t just get to take as much as you want, but that there must be as much of and as good of left for others. Locke also defines the public and private sphere(how/what is he defining it through? Through him talking about slavery etc paragraph 85, 89 ). Political relationships are made between equal men, and these relationships (civil society) cannot be dissolved. The establishment of civil society established equality among men because each had to agree to it. Each man equally gives up some rights, and equally receives the same protection from the sovereign. The civil society, as an entity, makes a contract with the sovereign and in so doing, resigns the power to judge in their own case to the sovereign. According to Locke, the whole point of civil society was to ensure that each had their own property so that there was prosperity. For Rousseau, the first sign of inequality is when people begin to be more highly regarded based on overall physical appearance and ability; from th ese first preferences, vanity, contempt, shame, and envy were born. As soon as one man realized it was beneficial to have the assistance of another, equality disappeared, property came intoShow MoreRelatedRousseau’s Nonexistent Co-existing State1618 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ‘le volante general’, meaning the general will, in his book The Social Contract. There are certain problems with his theory such as, citizens will not be in similar situations, and so if the law was decided on, it will have different impacts on different people, leaving the minority at a disadvantage. Although citizens can help to set the general will they might not be moved to follow it, leading to an imbalance in equality. 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Marketing Non-Green Products in a Green-Conscious World Research Proposal

Essays on Marketing Non-Green Products in a Green-Conscious World Research Proposal The paper â€Å"Marketing Non-Green Products in a Green-Conscious World† is an exciting variant of research proposal on marketing. The general subject area of â€Å"green marketing† encompasses a vast array of topics and study disciplines which have been researched extensively. Given the breadth of the subject, the challenge in designing a new research project is in finding a focus  that is both sufficiently narrow and original, so that the research can produce a practical result that adds to the existing body of knowledge.In preparing this research proposal, a number of questions immediately come to mind: How do green brands affect buyer behaviour? Can ‘non-green’ brands compete in a retail market of increasingly ‘green-conscious’ consumers? Should traditionally ‘non-green’ retailers consider a more green approach in promoting their products, and if so, how? Thus, this research will focus on an aspect of green marketing that has largely been overlooked by previous studies: Much work has been done on the marketing of ‘green’ products, but very little if any has been done on the impact of ‘green-consciousness’ on products that neither presents themselves as green nor are regarded as such by consumers.Even if it is assumed that environmentally-friendly ‘green’ products are superior to ‘non-green’ products and are preferred by consumers, there are products that for various reasons cannot be made ‘green’. The UK grocery market is a very good area in which to study the effects of green-consciousness on non-green products, because a large variety of competing products are presented to the consumer at once, often without much differentiation; a household cleaner touted as ecologically-friendly may share shelf space with a comparable chemical-based product that makes no similar claim, for example. If the consumer chooses the green product, what is his motivation for doing so? Is that motivation based more on the ‘green’ attributes of the product or more on the rejection of the ‘non-green’ aspects of the other? Are there other motivations, such as price or perceptions of product quality, that inform the consumer’s choice, and to what degree? Are these behaviours by the consumer applied uniformly to choices amongst a variety of products, and if not, why? And most importantly, how can the answers to these questions be put to practical use by-product marketers? Answering this last question will be the main objective of this proposed research.Background Relevant LiteraturePeattie and Crane (2005) peg the start of the green marketing phenomenon in the late 1980s, marked by a surge in green marketing efforts by businesses and a corresponding increase in academic research on the subject. The sheer volume of research on the subject is impressive; a casual search for â€Å"green marketing UK† in th e Emerald database returns nearly 3,000 academic articles or books. In addition, there are thousands of non-academic resources available on the Internet. Clearly, green marketing is a hot topic. A preliminary review of the literature and other resources, reflected by the example reference list at the end of this paper, reveals that research and commentary on green marketing can be divided between two broad categories: Marketing Strategy and Application, and Consumer Behaviour. These two subject areas are far from being mutually-exclusive; consumer behaviour determines marketing strategy, which in turn modifies consumer behaviour in an endless cycle of cause-and-effect. Nonetheless, to impose some sort of effective organisation on the present research, it is helpful to discuss these subject areas separately.

IT System Analysis and Design

Question: Describe about the IT System Analysis and Design? Answer: Introduction Social media are actually the computer mediated tools which allow the people to do the creation, share and also to exchange some of the ideas, pictures and the information with the help of the networks and the virtual communities. On the basis of the definition, social media is actually the group of some of the applications which are based on internet and also build the technological and the ideological foundation which helps the users in doing the exchange and the creation of the user created content. Social media is mainly depends on the mobile and also the web based technologies. It also helps to create the interactive platforms through which it becomes easy to do the share, discuss and also do any of the modification of the user generated contents. Some of the classification of the social media includes social networking, social blogs, wikis, and internet forum etc. now days the rise of the popularity of the social networking sites becomes one of the most important global phenome non (Arslantepe, 2014). The best way to describe the social media is that media is the instrument of doing the communication on the social basis, so social media becomes the one of the social instrument for doing the communication. Impact of the Social Media on the Hospitality and the Tourism Management Social media becomes one of the most important media of the daily life of the people in their todays life. Videos and the photos sharing becomes one of the most important factors of the people life in the 21st century. Social media also helps the people to remain connected with the friends and also the family especially on the basis of the social networking sites. Due to the availability of the social media any one can gain the knowledge about the whole world by doing one swipe and also by doing one mouse click from anywhere in the place of the world. With the availability of the social media and also the social networking site the tourism industry can take the golden opportunity to attract the customers by sharing the photos and the videos of the breathtaking places and the sceneries. There are many of the customers who think that the social media is one of the most trusted sources and also the place of the information. By attracting the more numbers of the customers, the tourism in dustry share the photos, videos and also the reviews of the people on the social media so that by depending on the personal reviews of the tourist it can attract the more numbers of the tourist toward their agencies (Brusse, Gardner, McAullay Dowden, 2014). Another of the most important tools the social media provide is that the communication tools which helps the more numbers of the people to maintain the proper communication. Now days the social media is also gets available on the smart phones also so that the people dont need to see the TV and also the other media by sitting on the one place. Consumers also have that much of the capability to do the interaction with the other consumers and also can share their personal reviews directly (Rabindranath Kapil, 2014). Now days internet also plays one of the vital roles in the context of the social media by doing the proper advertisement and also the proper sharing the things which needs to share on their web pages. So social media is becomes one of the most important easily accessible site in todays world. Social media also becomes one of the most important platforms to improving and also to developing the new relation with the different customers all over the world (Chang, Liu Chen, 20 13). Another important role of the social media is that it becomes the more time and also the cost effective. Due to the availability of the social media and also the social networking site the hotels and also the tourism agency can create their brand awareness program which helps to gain the popularity. Furthermore the social media also becomes one of the more convenient platforms and also allows the easy access for the customer. It also brings the more efficient team work and also the flexibility for the companies with the availability of the technologies. With the availability of the social media the customer needs to do many things to gain the information about the hospitality and the tourism which they want to know. It also becomes cost effective because the customer can easily get all the information about the tourism plans and also about the hospitality management within the very low cost (Chen Lin, 2014). The most important role which the social media plays and also basically known for that is the creation of the brand awareness and also in building brand images so that it becomes one of the most popular products among the people of todays world. To convince the greater numbers of the customers and also to attract the large numbers of the customers the social media becomes one of the easier platforms (Roman, 2014). The more business in the tourism and the hospitality industry using both the social media and also the social networking site in their own advantages so that they can improve their sales and also to improve the maximization in their profit. To do the advertisement in the social media the organization uses the policy of the brand ambassadors so that they can increase the sale of their products and also increase the profits (Erdem Cobanoglu, 2010). Social networking sites and also the social media also plays the vital role in doing the promotion of any of the products of the organization. Social networking sites do the promotion of the products by doing the advertisement in their web pages and also their own networking site. Social media mainly the TV plays also the important role in doing the advertisement and also in the field of the promotion. Now days the organization uses the techniques of doing the advertisement by using the brand ambassador in the social media so that it can attracts the large numbers of the customers. In doing the promotion about the some of the special plans and also some of the special information about the organization it can also do some of the social media campaigns and also the e-commerce so that it can helps more in doing the promotion about the organization (Norman, 2012). In doing the promotion on the social media at first it needs to do the proper customization of the platform so that only the customized features are available. Some of the features include the images, description of the contents and also the headlines so that it can easily grab the eyes of the customers. It also very important to have the proper ideas about the right time of doing share of the special plans and also the offers so that the customers can get more attracted towards it and also needs to use some of the important and also the related graphics to improve the maximum numbers of the engagement of the customers towards the organization (Roman, 2014). To make the promotion more effective it also needs to share what are going to come next and also needs to maximize the brand advocates so that they can give the proper ideas about the promotion tools and also tells where they needs to do the changes so that it can grab the more numbers of the customers (Isaacs, 2014). By using the social media the organization can easily gather the information about the target customers and also they know where they need to do more improvement to maximization the profits of the organization. People prefers more on the experienced goods rather than the good on the search basis so the organization use the personal reviews in their web pages so that it can attract the maximum numbers of the customer towards them. It also helps to sustain the loyal customers on their sides by using some of the techniques which includes the sharing of the personal reviews of the customers so that they can feels more appreciations and also special and also they can get proper platform to share their own experience as well as the organizations and also the others people. To do the proper targeting of the customers by using the social media the organization needs to follow some of the most important steps which are discussed below (Kusumasondjaja, 2014): In the first step it needs to create some of the broad descriptions about the buyers where they needs to follow and also they needs to do the target so that they can create the high level view of what to do next and also when to do (Hanson, 2013). In the second steps they needs to identify the goals and the features of the unique users so that they can enhance the customers by in sighting all the details of the customers and most importantly they needs to do the proper identification of the users goals by using the features so that it can effects the willingness of the customers to do the purchase (Munar, 2012). In the third steps they needs to locate and also to do the proper list down of the customers and also needs to do the proper list of the websites which are most frequently visit by the people so that they can do the proper targeting on the customer (Luhur Widjaja, 2014). Conclusion By analyzing and also by giving the proper description about the social media and also how they create the impact on both the hospitality and also the tourism management it describes the whole idea about how to influence the behaviors of the consumers so that they can do the proper share of the photos and the videos very easily with the various numbers of the consumers all over the world ('Social Media produktive Mediennutzung', 2014). The utilization of the social media makes the things much cost and time effective so that it can do targeting to the more numbers of the customers. The social media also helps in doing the creation of the awareness in the brand and also in proper building the brand images which helps more in convincing the customers. The availability of the social media helps in doing the proper promotion of the plans and also the things by using some of the proper mechanism so that it can grab the eyes of the more numbers of the customers. References Arslantepe, M. (2014). Commercial Communication in Social Media. JMC, 1(1), 147-158. doi:10.17349/jmc114109 Brusse, C., Gardner, K., McAullay, D., Dowden, M. (2014). Social Media and Mobile Apps for Health Promotion in Australian Indigenous Populations: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res, 16(12), e280. doi:10.2196/jmir.3614 Chang, I., Liu, C., Chen, K. (2013). The push, pull and mooring effects in virtual migration for social networking sites. Information Systems Journal, 24(4), 323-346. doi:10.1111/isj.12030 Chen, C., Lin, C. (2014). Building a Sense of Virtual Community: The Role of the Features of Social Networking Sites. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 17(7), 460-465. doi:10.1089/cyber.2013.0530 Erdem, M., Cobanoglu, C. (2010). The Impact of Consumer-Generated Media and Social Networking in Hospitality: The Implications for Consumers and Hospitality Managers. Journal Of Hospitality Marketing Management, 19(7), 697-699. doi:10.1080/19368623.2010.507990 Hanson, R. E. (2013).Mass communication: Living in a media world. Sage. Isaacs, D. (2014). Social media and communication. J Paediatr Child Health, 50(6), 421-422. doi:10.1111/jpc.12555 Kusumasondjaja, S. (2014). Efektivitas social media advertising: peran brand familiarity dan kongruensi endorser. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 16(1). doi:10.9744/jmk.16.1.83-92 Luhur, H., Widjaja, N. (2014). Location-based social networking media for restaurant promotion and food review using mobile application. EPJ Web Of Conferences, 68, 00022. doi:10.1051/epjconf/20146800022 Munar, A. (2012). Social Media Strategies and Destination Management. Scandinavian Journal Of Hospitality And Tourism, 12(2), 101-120. doi:10.1080/15022250.2012.679047 Norman, C. (2012). Social media and health promotion. Global Health Promotion, 19(4), 3-6. doi:10.1177/1757975912464593 Rabindranath, M., Kapil, S. (2014). Social Media and the Arab Spring. Media Watch, 6(1), 124. doi:10.15655/mw/2015/v6i1/55438 Roman, L. (2014). Using Social Media to Enhance Career Development Opportunities for Health Promotion Professionals. Health Promotion Practice, 15(4), 471-475. doi:10.1177/1524839914535213 Roman, L. (2014). Using Social Media to Enhance Career Development Opportunities for Health Promotion Professionals. Health Promotion Practice, 15(4), 471-475. doi:10.1177/1524839914535213 Social Media produktive Mediennutzung. (2014). Bibliotheksdienst, 48(12). doi:10.1515/bd-2014-0126

The Effects Of Poverty In Our World Essays - Income Distribution

The Effects of Poverty in Our World All over the world, disparities between the rich and poor, even in the wealthiest of nations is rising sharply. Fewer people are becoming increasingly ?successful? and wealthy while a disproportionately larger population is also becoming even poorer. There are many issues involved when looking at poverty. It is not simply enough (or correct) to say that the poor are poor due to their own (or their government's) bad governance and management. In fact, you could quite easily conclude that the poor are poor because the rich are rich and have the power to enforce trade agreements, which favor their interests more than the proper nations. This is a very serious problem in our society today. Poverty is everywhere and it needs to reduced so that our economy will be more stabilized and balanced that it has been. What does it mean to be poor? What does it mean to describe a nation as ?developing A lack of material wealth does not define one as deprived. A strong economy in a developed nation does not mean much when a significant percentage or a majority of the population is struggling to survive. Development usually implies an improvement in living standards such that a person has enough food, water, and clothing, a stable social environment, freedom, and basic rights to have a fair chance for a decent life. Is this actually progress? On the other hand, are we fooled into believing that it is?

Putnams Theory on Bowling Alone essays

Putnams Theory on Bowling Alone essays Robert Putnam's central thesis in Bowling Alone is that there has been a decline in civic engagement and social capital over the past few decades. The idea of "bowling alone" stems from the fact that bowling in leagues from 1980 through 1993 decreased by 40 percent, while individual bowlers increased by 10 percent (Putnam 112). Putnam uses this metaphor for all forms of civic disengagement, meaning that people virtually do as little as possible collectively and would rather focus purely on the individual, rather than the group. Putnam's book addresses several topics of civic disengagement, including a decline in civic participation and social isolation. Putnam focuses on the increasing amount of television viewership and is wary to comment on technological increases, like the Internet, for this decline. However, Putnam tends to focus on what is occurring, using various sorts of data, and overlooks the true meaning of why it is occurring or the positive effects from an average Am erican's viewpoint. The increase in television viewership and use of the Internet does mark a change in social habits, but it does not warrant Putnam's view that it causes social isolation or disengagement. People in the forties and fifties did not have the same ability as society has today to watch television or use the Internet to get information. It is true that 50 years ago, citizens that wanted to be informed on current issues needed to attend meetings or engage in verbal conversation with other people to gather that information. Today, citizens spend an average of four hours a day watching television and countless hours at a computer, but they are getting more detailed information than the people fifty years ago did. The increase in television has allowed for all people to be better informed. Television enables people to get a broader view of current events, including immediate reports from around the globe and every angle of a situati...

Defining the Symbol1 essays

Defining the Symbol1 essays ?Human beings exist and interact in a reality which they define themselves. Inside of this reality they make use of social objects, that is, anything used between to actors in social situations that have meaning and function in that social environment (Charon 46). Many social objects are used to represent something else and are interpreted to convey more meaning. These social objects are known as symbols and it is the core of the symbolic interactionist perspective. Simply defined, a symbol is something that stands for something else. In Sociology, a symbol is classified as a social object that the members of a society have agreed represents a concept, an object, or an ideal that is not present. They are used to communicate, express intentions, represent objects and groups and define the reality that surrounds us (Charon 46-48). They can be separated into the categories of referential, expressive, and mixed symbols which can be interrupted as both of the previous mentioned types. Referential symbols are used to define and classify parts of reality. They can be used to represent an object in its absence. The wordpencil? is immediately interpreted a shaft of wood with a graphite core used for writing or a mechanical device with the same purpose. Now while the pencil itself is just a social object with a simple function, the wordpencil? acts as a symbol in that it represents the physical object. On a larger scale referential symbols are used to represent entire groups. A red star can be used to represent a political party or philosophy (Charon 50). Referential symbols can also be used to classify groups such as gender. Diana Kendall gives the example of dressing infants in certain colours, blue and red for males and pink and yellow for females, to convey immediately communicate the sex of the child (Kendall 70). These symbols are used as labels and divisions in society. Expressive symbols are used...

Caretakers' Emotional Responses to Providing Care to Elderly Loved Essay

Caretakers' Emotional Responses to Providing Care to Elderly Loved Ones in Assisted Living Facilities - Essay Example ructured interviews allows for responses such as 'I started feeling a little resentful' (p10), an emotion which may not be typically associated with ailing relatives. There are fewer assumptions being placed on the data being collected, which leaves more room for hypothesis generation. Weaknesses of the Research by Sanderson & Meyers (2008) There are strengths, outlined above, of qualitative data that are applicable to this study. Correspondingly, there are weaknesses. Firstly, it can be hard to generate data and representations of this data for use in the published paper (Thorne, Kirkham & MacDonald-Emes, 1997). This can make it difficult for both readers and researchers to visualize the topic in a meaningful way (Carr, 1994). This lack of data also makes comparisons with other studies and individuals within the study more difficult, as the qualitative data collected is more difficult to graph. There are ways around this. One way to generate a more numeric version of the qualitative data is to use a technique called coding, which relies on giving mentioned words certain values and evaluating them in this way (Holloway & Wheeler, 2009). In the context of nursing, many heath bodies want results that can be applied in a meaningful way to the healthcare industry, and this can often be a challenge for qualitative data (Carr, 1994). Another issue with qualitative research that applies to this essay is that because of the complex nature of collecting data via interview or analysing long-answer responses to a questionnaire. This means that the sample size of qualitative studies is often far smaller than those in quantitative studies, making it harder to generalize the results to the population (Kuper et al, 2008). Sanderson & Meyers (2008) recognize this, and suggest that... This paper has primarily focused on the weaknesses of the study thus far. There are, however, many strengths as would be expected from a paper published in a peer-reviewed journal. The paper clearly explains the aims of the research, and this is reflected in the succinct title and abstract. Generally, the paper achieves what it sets out to do, which is give detailed responses from those with relatives in assisted-living facilities to illustrates the difficulties of putting the elderly in care. The research design was appropriate for this, because they wished to get detailed responses, which could not have been gathered using a quantitative study. Sanderson & Mayer clearly understand the limitations of their study and incorporate this into their discussion, whilst forewarning about generalizability and making assumptions. The research also performs well ethically. The researchers recruited people from an event, and therefore the participants were well-versed on how the study would proceed and what their responses would be used for. In this sense, the paper succeeds in achieving its aims whilst behaving in an ethical manner. There is no clear indication of the relationship between the researcher and the participant but it can be assumed that this was anonymous, confidential and private from the description of the interview location

Reflective Journals on real ear measurment and prescription rules Essay

Reflective Journals on real ear measurment and prescription rules - Essay Example But patient response/opinion should also be in parallel with that of the audiologist in order to reach target. A cooperative patient will of course yield successful results whilst a patient in denial will not. A good fit is an important benefit to patients and that the use of REM recognizes the differences between coupler and real-ear measurements. In addition, patient benefit is greater when the target is well-matched. The baseline measure is useful when the patient will want to change aid later on. REM also shows the effects of fine tuning and provides graphical confirmation to the audiologist that the intended prescription/processing strategy have been implemented by the hearing aid software. Real ear measurement ensures the audiologist will be able to understand the whole process. REM is also helpful during counselling of patient and their family members about what they can and cannot hear. It will verify the function of advanced features like directional microphone and even nois e reduction features. Therefore, the audiologist should be adept about REM. During the lectures and readings, I also learned considerations for adults and children patients due to different approaches to real ear measurement. It was suggested that normal hearing in infants are uncertain (Ching et al, 2001). There are also acoustical differences between the ear canals of children and adults that affect the audiometric data as well as the hearing aid amplification. The audiologist should be aware of this when faced with a child or adult patient. To minimize or eliminate mistakes in prescribing amplification, the audiologist should base thresholds in sound pressure level at the tympanic membrane. Measurement errors are seen to be fewer for adults, especially those with average ear canal size and resonance. Children are also more restless during probe tube

Pi and Plato Essay Example for Free

Pi and Plato Essay Socrates, in his conviction from the Athenian jury, was both innocent and guilty as charged. In Platos Five Dialogues, accounts of events ranging from just prior to Socrates entry into the courthouse up until his mouthful of hemlock, both points are represented. Socrates in dealing with moral law was not guilty of the crimes he was accused of by Meletus. Socrates was only guilty as charged because his peers had concluded him as such. The laws didnt find Socrates guilty; Socrates was guilty because his jurors enforced the laws. The law couldnt enforce itself. Socrates was accused of corrupting Athens youth, not believing in the gods of the city and creating his own gods. In the Euthyphro, Socrates defends himself against the blasphemous charges outside the courthouse to a priest Euthyphro. Socrates looks to the priest to tell him what exactly is pious so that he may educate himself as to why he would be perceived as impious. Found in the Apology, another of Platos Five Dialogues, Socrates aims to defend his principles to the five hundred and one person jury. Finally, the Crito, an account of Socrates final discussion with his good friend Crito, Socrates is offered an opportunity to escape the prison and his death sentence. As is known, Socrates rejected the suggestion. It is in the Euthyphro and the Apology that it can be deduced that Socrates is not guilty as charged, he had done nothing wrong and he properly defended himself. However, in the Crito, it is shown that Socrates is guilty only in the interpretation and enforcement of Athens laws through the court system and its jurors. Socrates accusations of being blasphemous are also seen as being treasonous. In the Euthyphro, Socrates is making his way into the courthouse; however, prior to entering he had a discussion with a young priest of Athens, Euthyphro. This dialogue relates religion and justice to one another and the manner in which they correlate. Euthyphro feels as though justice necessitates religion and Socrates feels the opposite, religion necessitates justice. Euthyphro claims that religion is everything, justice, habits, traditions, customs, cultures, etc. all are derived from religion. Socrates went on to question what exactly would be the definition of pious. Euthyphro offered Socrates three definitions of pious and in all three Socrates was able to successfully find fault. The first definition Euthyphro offered was that piety is the life he lives (5e). Socrates disputed this definition because he said that Euthyphros way of life may be pious, but it is not the definition of pious. If it were the exact definition, only Euthyphro would be pious. He said that Euthyphro did not understand the difference between a definition and an example. Next, Euthyphro says that piety is found in things that are dear to the gods (7a). Socrates again rejected Euthyphros definition of piety. The Greek gods were anthropomorphic; therefore, another may despise what would be dear to one god. This definition offered was not distinct. Finally, Euthyphro said that what is pious is what loved by the gods (9e). However, Euthyphro cant answer whether something is pious because it is loved or it is loved because it is pious. He cant conceive the difference between cause and effect. It is in the Euthyphro that Socrates begins his defense of his actions and principles to the reader. A priest cant give him a concise answer as to what is religious; therefore, how can anyone else, especially one less religiously guided than a priest, accuse him of blasphemous actions? In the Apology, Socrates aimed to do three things: defend his ideas and principles, continue to teach those who will open their mind and state that he knew regardless of what he said he was aware that all five hundred and one jurors knew who he was and disliked him. Socrates was well aware of the fact that he had made multiple enemies, he knew that the politicians, poets, rich and craftsmen all had reasons to dislike his actions. Socrates went as far as to accuse the jury as not trusting the gods because they had not believed the oracle when it said that Socrates was the wisest in all of Athens (20d-e). If the jury and the people of Athens believed the oracle, the word of the gods, then Socrates would not be on trial. In the Apology, or defense, Socrates aims to legally justify his actions. He is accused of three things: corrupting Athens youth, not believing in the gods of the city and making up new gods. All three charges can be related back to treason and a large penalty. Socrates almost laughs off the first charge of corrupting the youth. He made a sensible argument as to why that charge made no sense and had no base. He said that willingly corrupting the youth of Athens would only make his living there more difficult. Logically, no one would aim to make his or her home a more dangerous, corrupt place to live (25d). He then asks his accusers to present some sort of evidence, a corrupted youth. Socrates knew that none of his students would speak out against him. To defend himself against the second and third charges, Socrates simply says that his belief in any new gods would necessitate believing in the old gods because the new gods are derived from the old gods (26c). In the Apology, conceivably, Socrates defended himself decisively against the three legal charges brought upon him. He was able to offer sufficient resistance, with a lack of prosecuting evidence, against the allegations. Plato uses the Crito, a discussion between Socrates and Crito, to display exactly why, even though innocent, Socrates accepted the penalties bestowed upon him. Socrates has thoroughly justified his own decision to obey the opinions of the majority and serve out the sentence that his own city has deemed appropriate for his crimes. Throughout the dialogue Socrates is explaining his reasoning for not running from the government. Crito does not understand the madness of Socrates, Crito will do whatever it takes to help his friend to flee, instead of being exiled by the government. I do not think that what you are doing is right, to give up your life when you can save it, and to hasten your fate as your enemies would hasten it, and indeed have hastened it in their wish to destroy you (58c). Throughout the Crito, two major ideas are established in the discussion of the two friends. The first being that a person must decide whether the society in which they live has a just reasoning behind its own standards of right and wrong. It is also examined whether or not the person has the option to leave if they dont agree with the laws of the city. Socrates has lived his whole life in Athens; therefore, he feels that there is an implied contract between himself and the laws of Athens. Not one of our laws raises any obstacle or forbids him, if he is not satisfied with us or the city, if one of you wants to go and live in a colony or wants to go anywhere else, and keep his property (63d). Socrates states; that making a conscious choice or effort to remain under the influence of a society is an unconscious agreement with that society to live your life by its standards and virtues. The second concept established between Socrates and Crito is that a person must have pride in the life that he or she leads. If Socrates does not face the penalties enforced, it would be the same as him disrespecting his own morals and principles. He would have followed them until they led him to hardships, and then abandoned them. In this, Socrates feels that escaping to survive would only result in the death of his teachings, the reason why he lives. I am the kind of man who listens only to the argument that on reflection seems best to me. I cannot, now that this fate has come upon me, discard the arguments I used; they seen to me much the same (59b). In establishing basic questions of these two concepts, Socrates has precluded his own circumstance and attempted to prove to his companion Crito, that the choice that he has made is just. He states that his decision is justified by the fact that the laws and governing agents of the society must command a certain degree of respect. Any person who would unjustly disobey these laws creates a deliberate attempt to destroy them, as well as, the society that has imposed them. However, that whoever of you remains when he sees how we conduct our trials and manage the city in other ways, has in fact come to an agreement with us to obey our instructions (63e). If the decisions of the citys governing agents are not thoroughly respected as just and cohesive parts of society, the very structure by which the society stands is subject to collapse. Socrates was not guilty as charged; he had done nothing wrong, as seen in the Apology. Not even a priest could tell Socrates what he had done wrong religiously, Euthyphro wasnt even able to give Socrates a precise definition of piety. It is then questioned by Crito why Socrates would remain to face a penalty for a crime he did not commit. In the Crito, it is explained why, although innocent, Socrates must accept the penalties his peers have set upon him. It is his peers that will interpret and enforce the laws, not the law which will enforce it. Even if the enforcers dont deserve attention and respect because they have no real knowledge to the situation, Socrates had put himself under their judgment by going to the trial. Therefore, Socrates must respect the decisions made by the masses because the decisions are made to represent the laws, which demand each citizens respect.

The Chemistry of Drugs :: Addictions Marijuana Health Science Essays

The Chemistry of Drugs Delta 9 Tetrahydrocannabinol is the primary psychoactive constituent of Cannibis sativa, and is bound to two cannabinoid receptors: CB1 receptors, located primarily in the brain, and CB2 receptors, located primarily in the periphery (Wiley & Martin 2002). A cannabinoid is defined as a substance that has pharmacological properties that resemble those of delta 9 THC i.e. " a drug that binds to CB1 and /or CB2 receptors in vitro and produces a profile of in vivo effects in the tetrad model" (Wiley 2002). THC inhibits the function of the enzyme adenylate cyclase which is involved in the transmission of pain messages. While there are over 60 cannibinoids identified in the plant Cannabis sativa, Delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol is the primary mood altering psychoactive agent in marijuana. Marijuana effects acetylcholine synthesis and turnover in the limbic region of the brain and in the cerebellum. (Harwood 2005) Eldreth, Matochik Cadet, and Bolla (2004) used PET 15 and a modified version of the Stroop task to determine if 25 day abstinent heavy marijuana users experienced persistent deficits in executive cognitive functioning and brain activity. The performance on a modified version of the Stroop task and brain activity was compared between 25 day abstinent, heavy users, and a matched comparison group. The 25 day abstinent users showed no deficits in performance on the modified version of the Stroop task when compared to the comparison group. They also found that despite the lack of performance differences, the anterior cingulated cortex and the left lateral prefrontal cortex had hyperactivity in the hippocampus bilaterally, when compared to the comparison group. The results suggested that users display persistent metabolic alterations in brain regions responsible for executive cognitive functioning. (Eldreth, Matochik, Cadet, & Bolla 2004). When performing the Stoop task, marijuana users were found to have greater activation compared to the comparison group in the left and right hippocampus. Marijuana users also failed to activate to the same extent as the comparison group in the left lateral prefrontal cortex and the left perigenual anterior cingulated cortex. According to Gardner (2002) drugs that are addictive to humans are similar to animal model systems in five ways. First, drugs enhance electrical brain stimulation reward in the core meso-accumbens reward circuitry of the brain, a circuit encompassing that portion of the medial forebrain bundle which links the ventral tegmental area of the mesencephalic midbrain

Alina Humanities Essay

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES Upon completion of the course, students should be able to accomplish the following. 1. Understand and appreciate outstanding cultural expressions of the humanistic tradition. 2. Interpret and analyze selected artistic and ideological expressions. 3. Compare and contrast selected artistic and ideological expressions. 4. Identify causal influences in the chronological development of arts and ideas. 5. Applywhattheyhavelearnedaboutonecultureorculturalexpressionwhenexamining another. 6. Demonstrate how selected artistic and ideological expressions do or do not illustrate a cultural period or a stylistic concept. 7. Defend personal opinions regarding the interpretations of selected artistic and ideological expressions. 8. Demonstrate rhetorically effective writing appropriate for the study of humanities and meeting all requirements for college level writing. ***Please advise instructor if you will be taking exams at DSS. *** CLASS PROCEDURE & OBLIGATIONS Class sessions will consist primarily of PowerPoint presentations that include representative images, texts, and audio from the humanist tradition. Students will be responsible for viewing/reading the powerpoints and/or other material prescribed for each presentation. When 1  engaging literary texts, the students must read the assigned pages before classes, be ready to pass written quizzes on the readings and be ready to discuss each respective day’s assignment. *** Using laptop computers or other electronic devices is not allowed in class. For each incident, violators will be docked ten points on the following exam. Classroom Etiquette: 1. No talking during class. Private conversation cannot and will not be tolerated. 2. No reading the newspaper, or other outside material, or doing other homework during class. 3. Due to the abuse of using computers in class in the past, I ask that you do not use a laptop for  taking notes. 4. Arriving late and leaving early are disruptive. Please be considerate of your instructor and fellow students by arriving on time. If you should need to arrive late or leave early, please notify the instructor. 5. Turn off cell phones before entering the classroom. Attendance Policy Classroom attendance supplements and enriches text materials through films, slides, lectures, and discussions. In addition, class discussions suffer without each student present, since all viewpoints in discussion are important. Class attendance and punctuality are important. TCC’s  Catalog states, â€Å"All students enrolled in the College are expected to attend all classes, since regular attendance and regular application constitute the two most significant factors that promote success in college work. Until midterm during fall, spring and summer C terms, any student absent from any class for more time than that class meets in any one week (i. e. , two classes) may be withdrawn by administrative action (AW grade). † Tardiness and/or leaving class early both disrupts the continuity of the class and reduces other students’ engagement with the material. Both, therefore, will be counted as absences.  Since late arrivals and early departures constitute class disturbances, each instance of tardiness to and early departure from this class will be counted as an absence from an entire class session. Consequently, STUDENTS WHO ARE TARDY OR WHO LEAVE EARLY — FOR ANY REASON, INCLUSIVE OF BATHROOM USAGE — ON MORE THAN A TOTAL OF FIVE OCCASIONS PRIOR TO THE WITHDRAWAL DEADLINE WILL BE SUBJECT TO ADMINISTRATIVE WITHDRAWAL. STUDENTS SHOULD ARRIVE ON TIME AND POWER OFF THEIR CELL PHONES BEFORE CLASS BEGINS. Eight absences will lower your final grade in this course one full letter grade. A student with nine absences will automatically fail the  course. There will be no distinction made between excused and unexcused absences, so plan your absences wisely. 2 STUDENTS SHOULD ARRIVE ON TIME AND POWER OFF THEIR CELL PHONES BEFORE CLASS BEGINS. OBLIGATIONS I. Exams Students will be responsible for performing well on three exams. The course will be divided into three units, and a non-cumulative examination will be administered at the conclusion of each unit. All three exams will be comprised of slide identification, multiple choice, matching, short answer, and true/false questions. Students should bring a #2 pencil on the dates of the exams. IF FOR ANY LEGITIMATE REASON A STUDENT IS UNABLE TO TAKE AN EXAM ON THE ASSIGNED DATE, HE/SHE MUST NOTIFY THE INSTRUCTOR BEFOREHAND. Otherwise, no make-up exam will be administered, and failing to take an exam will result in an â€Å"F† for the course. The key to doing well on the exams: attending class, taking notes, and studying diligently. Each exam will include 20% extra credit. II. Writing Assignments Students will be responsible for submitting a total of three essays (600-650 words each). Each one of the three essays corresponds with each one of the 3 exams, and each of the three essays  will be a response to prompts aligned with each unit/exam — that is, each of the three essay assignments must be related to the readings for each exam. Further instructions and the essays’ prompts will be posted on BlackBoard. The due dates are specified on the calendar at the conclusion of this syllabus. Note: Students must complete successfully a short grammar quiz before submitting each of the three essays. Essays may include MLA prescribed in-text citations. That is, if you quote or paraphrase from a source, you must parenthetically cite that source after the quote or paraphrase. Also, you will  need to include a Works Cited page. ***If you plagiarize, your essay will receive a zero, and your overall grade will drop to an F. Grading Each of the student’s three exams and the writing assignments will receive a letter grade: 100-90 = A; 89-80 = B; 79-70 = C; 69-54 = D; 53-0 = F. >The three exam grades will each count 30%, totaling 90 percent of the student’s final course grade; and the three essay grades total 10 percent of the final course grade. *Failure to submit an exam or essay will result in an F for the course. * 3 A student’s excellent attendance, punctuality, Discussion Board participation, and attitude  (citizenship) can count up to 10%++ â€Å"extra credit† toward the final exam grade. Conversely, a student’s poor attendance, poor punctuality, and poor citizenship/attitude (which includes talking, texting, & â€Å"acting out† in class) can affect negatively the final exam grade. Tardiness or leaving early will be counted as an absence and will therefore negate a student’s extra credit for that particular class. Academic Honesty Policy Plagiarism: Webster’s New Universal Unabridged Dictionary states: to plagiarize is â€Å"to steal or pass off ideas or words of another as one’s own†¦to use created productions without crediting  the source†¦to commit literary theft†¦to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source† (p. 1371). Academic dishonesty is not accepted at Tallahassee Community College, and I will pursue and prosecute any instances of such dishonesty. ***Do not plagiarize—that is, do not use the research, ideas, or words of others as your own without giving proper credit to your source. This policy especially includes copying or paraphrasing written materials from gallery brochures, play programs, books, periodicals, encyclopedias, CD-ROMs, the Internet, or someone else’s paper. ***Do not cheat. Students who cheat or plagiarize will receive an automatic zero on the assignment and will be referred to the academic dean for expulsion from TCC. By the act of submitting written work or an exam, the student acknowledges that she/he understands the definition of academic dishonesty and is willing to accept the consequences for any violation. COURSE WEB SITE: This course has been designated â€Å"WA† (â€Å"Web Assisted†) in the schedule of classes, and the â€Å"WA† designation means: â€Å"Some use of computer online technology required. † In this regard a course web site has been established for students in this class. The purpose of the web site is to allow students access to important course materials (syllabus, writing assignment, study guides, presentation assistants, images, et cetera). The materials are intended as supplemental to the classroom experience; they should not, in other words, be viewed as substitutes for in-class presentations. Students may also use the course web site to communicate with one another by means of the â€Å"Discussion Board,† which can be found by clicking on the tab labeled â€Å"Communication. † Via the Discussion Board, students can introduce themselves to one another,  ask questions about the material covered in class, and ask questions about the course writing assignments (be careful, though, not to copy the answers of another student). Activating Your TCC E-mail Account If you have not already done so, you will need to activate your TCC e-mail account. To activate your TCC e-mail account, go to the TCC homepage at http://www. tcc. fl. edu/, click on â€Å"Online Access,† click on Student NetMail Guide†; click on â€Å"Activate your eAccount,† and follow the directions. You will be given â€Å"Student eAccount ID (or Name) and a Password (or PIN) that you need to record and store in a secure location. You will need your eAccount ID and Password to access both the course web site and your TCC e-mail account. If you have any problems, call 850-201-8535. Finding the Course Web Site 4 You may find the course web site by going to the TCC homepage at http://www. tcc. fl. edu/, clicking on â€Å"Online Access,† clicking on â€Å"Blackboard. † After logging in with your username and password, the next screen should display the name of the course in which you are enrolled. LIST OF CLAST SKILLS TAUGHT OR REINFORCED: The State of Florida requires each student to demonstrate proficiency in certain College Level Academic Skills (CLAST). The students of HUM 2210 will have the opportunity to practice and develop their reading and writing skills. As for their reading, students will engage their Literal and Critical Comprehension Skills; and, as for their writing, students will engage their English Language Skills: Content, Organization, and Grammar/Mechanics (i. e. , appropriate word usage, syntax, spelling, punctuation). Advising The Associate of Arts degree offered through TCC requires the completion of six credit hours in humanities with a grade of â€Å"C† or better. There are three different tracks through which those six hours may be obtained. The common track runs through both HUM 2210 and HUM 2230, Humanities of the World I and II. If students pass HUM 2210, then, to fulfill the humanities requirement, they must also pass HUM 2230 (and vice versa). Another track runs through HUM 2740 and 2741, Humanities Abroad I and II. If students pass HUM 2740, then, to fulfill the humanities requirement, they must also pass HUM 2741. The third track offers two humanities courses from four different categories. Those categories include courses relating to (1) Art History, (2) Literature, (3) Music, and (4) Philosophy and Religion. For the third track students  must pass two courses, and the two courses must fall into two different categories. Students cannot fulfill the humanities requirement by completing courses in different tracks. If, for example, students pass HUM 2210 and then pass REL 2300 (World Religions), they have not fulfilled the humanities requirement. ACADEMIC ALERT! Students enrolled in the same college-prep or college-level course for the third time shall pay one-hundred percent of the full cost of instruction (which is the equivalent of fees paid by out-of-state residents) except in approved cases of documented extenuating circumstances. Students may not withdraw on the third attempt and will receive a grade in courses taken the third time. An appeal to take a college-level course for the fourth time may be allowed based on academic goals. The appeal process is executed through the Counseling Department. If a fourth attempt is granted, a student will not be permitted to withdraw and will receive a grade for the course. The counting of attempts began in the fall of 1997 and includes only those attempts at the Florida college where one is currently enrolled. Take your course work seriously. Consult with your academic advisor, make an educational  plan, attend class, and take advantage of the skills’ labs available to you. * * * PRESENTATION TOPICS AND RECOMMENDED READING 5 Unit I: The Earliest Traces of Culture Ancient African Egyptian Culture Ancient Mesopotamian and Hebrew Culture Ancient Hindu and Buddhist Cultures Unit II: Ancient Greek Culture Ancient Roman Culture Early Christian and Byzantine Culture Unit III: Islamic Culture Japanese Culture: chs. 16, 23 (if time permits) Medieval European Culture Renaissance European Culture IMPORTANT DATES Classes Begin Holidays: Labor Day Veterans Day Thanksgiving Break Monday, August 25 Monday, September 01  Tuesday, November 11 Wednesday-Friday, November 26-28 Last day to cancel registration/drop courses and receive a refund; last day to change from credit to audit or audit to credit Last day to withdraw from a course(s); last day instructors may assign AW Friday, August 29 Monday, November 03 1st Exam 1st Essay due Sept. 18 (Slide ID) Sept. 23 (Multiple Choice, etc. ) Sept. 16 2nd Exam 2nd Essay Due Oct. 21 (Slide ID) Oct. 23 (Multiple Choice, etc. ) Oct 28 Last Day of Classes Friday, December 05 Final Exam 3rd Essay Due TBA Day of the Final Exam TBA Final Exam: TBA Twelve Ways to make sure You Pass Your College Classes  6 1. Study the text, lecture material, or additional assigned recommended reading. Superficially scanning the reading the night before the exam â€Å"doesn’t cut it. † 2. Observe due dates. Late work, no matter what the excuse, will be downgraded or not accepted. 3. Do not urge the instructor to â€Å"cut you some slack† or â€Å"give you a break. † If he or she did that for someone else and not you, what would your reaction be? 4. Attend class. While you may think class is boring, the teacher might just provide some insights that will help you better understand the content of the course. 5. Come to class on time. If you really want to get on the wrong side of the instructor, just make tardiness a habit. 6. Do not play with your cell phone, iPod, or other electronic device in class. Unless you have childcare problems or are a first-responder, these actions tell the instructor that something else is more important than what is being taught. 7. Do not copy from Wikipedia, a Google search, or someone else’s work without proper citations. Teachers usually can identify plagiarism and material that is not yours. 8. Do not sleep in class. We know that school interferes with your social life, but do not make it so obvious! 9. Do not try to con the teacher. Telling an instructor that this is the last course you need to graduate or transfer will not earn you any leniency. 10. Do not tell the teacher that this class is the only one with which you are struggling and you have â€Å"A’s and B’s† in all other classes. Don’t give the impression that your other teachers are too easy. 11. Do not tell the teacher that you must have a good grade or you will lose your eligibility for sports, scholarship, or grant; lose your G. I. Bill; or be on academic probation. 12. Take your course work seriously. Try your best to learn.

Original writing-persuasive writing-DRAFT Essay

Are you aged eight to eighteen and searching for the hottest and latest games? Look no further. Join CGS the computer games society and we will certainly fulfil your gaming needs. Be it Nintendo, Xbox or even playstation/2 we know what you want and we’ve got it. CGS has been running for a simple 3 years and has already spread its wings nationwide. With just over 2 million members CGS is undoubtedly the fastest growing games society ever. We have all the experience, the inside and out knowledge and indeed the numbers to keep you up to date with what’s hot and what’s not. Here at CGS we give you what you want, we take in your ideas and criticism and channel it towards giving you what you need. With the number of members we have attained here in the UK we are assured success when we choose to go international. Visit our website at www. cgs. co. uk, we have just recently refurbished the site so be sure to visit and check out the new games forum where you can discuss, debate and argue the latest issues about consoles and games. We have a new games attachment (compliments of macromedia flash player) where you and your mates can battle it out to get the highest score. With over 60 brand new free online games your sure to be entertained, and if they don’t why don’t you check out our other batch of brand new downloadable games and no internet broadband system is needed, they can simply be downloaded with the 56. 6kb of your average computer. We also have the latest movie and games downloadables including pictures, backgrounds and wallpapers also for you to enjoy. Enter the new chat-rooms where we have a full-proof system of no one being able to see your details so you are completely protected. CGS was founded in 2001 by a group of young teen game fanatics. They had a large collection of games (300) between the four of them and they, just like you, loved playing, swapping and talking about games. Wherever they would go they would dispute about what was the coolest game out. They would test out each others games and criticise it. Sometimes they would hold tournaments and invite loads of their mates around. Soon they had their own â€Å"sub-culture† in school like the grungers, nerds, dossers and townies, they were known as the ‘game-boys’. More and more people started to join their little clan until it grew and they gave their selves a new name, CGS ‘computer games society’. They told their parents about the success of their group and they found out they could make a career out of this. Opportunity came their way when one of their parents’ company were looking for a new business opportunity. The father pessimistically agreed to ask the company if they were willing to sponsor CGS, much to every ones surprise the company agreed. As you can imagine they were over the moon and CGS has been an absolute success ever since. The boys, who were at the time sixteen are now nineteen year old young men who are doing what they love and getting paid for it. This is every young game fanatic’s dream and you can be a part of it. CGS is paving the way for young gamers giving you articles on careers in gaming†¦ yes that’s what I said, careers in gaming, from games tester to official games critic. To be a games tester all you need to do is fill out a form that can be found on the CGS website. Unfortunately you have to be over eighteen to be an official games critic but don’t let that demoralise you as there is probably a lot more game watching than playing! Apply now to make your dreams come true. Here at CGS as you can imagine we get a lot of post and email on how to make the company better suited for you but recently we’ve been getting post and email specifically telling us about rumours for the CGS magazine. Well we can definitely tell you that those, outrageously, notorious rumours are†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. TRUE. CGS are most definitely looking forward to publishing the first issue of the CGS magazine. The new magazine is fantastically entertaining with full graphic screen shots, published reader articles, amazing news on all the latest gossip for the new games and consoles, great new competitions with mind-blowing prizes. Be sure to carry the first ever issue of CGS magazine and enter the competitions so you can be in with a chance of winning one of the three top prizes; a fantastic holiday for you, an adult and 3 of your mates to Japan to visit the international centre of Nintendo in Tokyo, or you could win a trip to the XBOX party in London where you can test out there newest releases and get a wild goody bag, or you could even win a chance to come to CGS head quarters and interview our CEO and the founders of CGS. You must agree these prizes are undoubtedly cool! And you can enter, just simply log on to our website and subscribe to the new CGS magazine out on the thirteenth of September and with these few easy steps you could win one of these wicked prizes. As you probably have now established CGS is what everyone’s talking about and a full platinum membership is definitely top dog this Christmas. So grandma, don’t go and knit them a grotty, un-cool woolly jumper, simply log on to the CGS website and apply your grandkids to the platinum membership where they will be in with a chance of winning the top prizes, a full monthly subscription to the brand new CGS magazine and much, much more. For more details please contact us at our free call 24 hour hotline; 0800-477 477.

The moral and ethical issues associated with recombinant DNA technology Essay Example

The moral and ethical issues associated with recombinant DNA technology Essay Example The moral and ethical issues associated with recombinant DNA technology Essay The moral and ethical issues associated with recombinant DNA technology Essay Gene therapy: Can be used to cure genetic diseases an example of a proven case would be the bubble boy disease commonly known as ADA. (The body has no immunity, and the baby has to be put in a bubble to stop germs infecting) This disease inherited from the parents is caused by the missing or damaged enzyme adenosine deaminase, normally treated with injections of the enzyme. As the injections dont completely restore the immune system. This was the first use of gene therapy in the USA, a copy of the normal genes for ADA enzymes were inserted into an inactive virus that was put in to the patients immune system (Tcells) These grew in a colony then they were put in to the patient like an ordinary blood transfusion(4) and the girl lived, as this was a successful cure. Not many people will argue to curing genetically prone people, but it could get out of hand in theory any desired gene could be instead into an human egg(1) so how far do we go is the question, can we choose what are babes should look like? Are just some of the questions that are asked. Using technology like this has already help cure diseases like cystic fibrosis and can help many more. Genetically altered bacteria: you can develop bacteria to do certain task s not possible such as put them on to a oil spill were they can digest the oil and reduce pollution(2). As well as this u can get rock eating bacteria used by industrial chemist. They use bacteria to produce copper, 10% of copper is produced in this way in the US. The bacteria feed off chalcopyrite(7 ) a copper ore. Transgenic animals: an experiment in the USA which implanted an alien gene in a monkey(3) for the first time gave a step close to finding more cures for humans. The experiment was devised to create Transgenic monkeys which perfectly mimic human diseases, so that cures can be found(3) now test can be done on these monkeys rather than mice as they will show more human like activities. But there are many objections to thesis types of experiments from people like the RSPCA emphasis should be placed on the reducing and replacing primate use with humane alternatives rather than developing new uses for these animals. We believe this is a step too far. Morally and ethically the RSCPA are saying that its wrong. But Transgenic animals can be used in other ways such as producing insulin, interferon and other hormones that some people lack. This is done by inserting the gene for human interferon (a protein that helps to destroy viruses) in to an egg. The cow has all the gene in all of her cells and produces human interferon which is secreted in her milk.(1) Molecular farming: is the growth of transgenic plants that contain health care products, such as vaccines and pharmasuticles(5) to me this is a great idea especially for developing countries were healthcare products are not available or too expensive. I think that this is morally and ethically right. But if allowed it could fall into evil hands and people could develop poisons and other harmful chemicals and this could lead to biological warfare.

Types of Rhyme

Types of Rhyme Types of Rhyme Types of Rhyme By Simon Kewin The poet who wishes to write a rhyming poem has several different sorts of rhyme from which to choose. Some are strong, some more subtle, and all can be employed as the poet sees fit. The following are some of the main types :  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   End Rhymes Rhyming of the final words of lines in a poem. The following, for example, is from Seamus Heaney’s Digging :     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Under my window, a clean rasping sound   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the spade sinks into gravelly ground  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   Internal Rhymes Rhyming of two words within the same line of poetry. The following, for example, is from Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven :     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   Slant Rhymes (sometimes called imperfect, partial, near, oblique, off etc.) Rhyme in which two words share just a vowel sound (assonance – e.g. â€Å"heart† and â€Å"star†) or in which they share just a consonant sound (consonance – e.g. â€Å"milk† and â€Å"walk†). Slant rhyme is a technique perhaps more in tune with the uncertainties of the modern age than strong rhyme. The following example is also from Seamus Heaney’s Digging :     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Between my finger and my thumb   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The squat pen rests; snug as a gun  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   Rich Rhymes Rhyme using two different words that happen to sound the same (i.e. homonyms) – for example â€Å"raise† and â€Å"raze†. The following example – a triple rich rhyme – is from Thomas Hood’s A First Attempt in Rhyme :     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Partake the fire divine that burns,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Milton, Pope, and Scottish Burns,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Who sang his native braes and burns.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   Eye Rhymes Rhyme on words that look the same but which are actually pronounced differently – for example â€Å"bough† and â€Å"rough†. The opening four lines of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18, for example, go :     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shall I compare thee to a summers day?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thou art more lovely and more temperate:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And summers lease hath all too short a date:   Here, â€Å"temperate† and â€Å"date† look as though they rhyme, but few readers would pronounce â€Å"temperate† so that they did. Beware that pronunciations can drift over time and that rhymes can end up as eye rhymes when they were originally full (and vice versa).  Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   Identical Rhymes Simply using the same word twice. An example is in (some versions of) Emily Dickinsons Because I Could not Stop for Death :     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We paused before a House that seemed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Swelling of the Ground-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Roof was scarcely visible-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cornice- in the Ground-   Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã‚   It’s clear there is often a certain amount of overlap between rhyme and other poetical devices such as assonance – subjects to be covered in future poetry writing tips. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Peace of Mind and A Piece of One's Mindâ€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†

Intercultural managerial communications Term Paper

Intercultural managerial communications - Term Paper Example The study at hand discusses the topic of intercultural managerial communications. In order to elaborate upon the subject, it will include discussions on intercultural myths, how people differ culturally, language and non-verbal sensitivity. It sets out to demonstrate the importance of managers gaining knowledge of various business cultures around the world so they can manage from a global perspective. Without knowing the culture of a place, it would be hard for one to engage in meaningful ventures. Language is a tool for people to communicate their thoughts and non-verbal sensitivity specifically how people decode or perceive the behavior of others, be it with those they have specific relationships with or not. Various cultures have different modes of communication even within their own subculture. It is of utmost importance for business professionals to be sensitive to the different cultures within the regions they operate to successfully communicate in other cultures. Intercultural Managerial Communications The communication in an organization or workplace is described as the conveying of messages with the help of a proper channel and medium to the desired receiver. According to the social constructionist approach, the communication in an organization pertains to the manner in which the use of language establishes various types of social structures, which may include teams, relationships, and networks. Managerial communication also refers to the related aspects of the organizational communication. It is an activity which assists the managers in communicating with the employees as well as amongst each other in the organization. The Managerial Communication facilitates in providing an even flow of information amongst them which directs them towards a mutual goal. Culture Culture is an amassed system of values, rules, norms, experiences and concrete behavior which man adapts from descending generations and aims at passing forward to ascending generations (Nakaya ma and Halualani 2011). In organizations, the word culture reflects on the business practices and the way of doing things. Business professionals have to learn the different business cultures before doing business in various markets so they can minimize the risk of business failure. Obtaining knowledge about different styles of communication, forms of body language, dressing, greetings, negotiation techniques and meeting approaches is vital in gaining successful business relations with like-minded people. Successful leadership engages the subject of intercultural managerial communication through discussing the branches of culture, intercultural myths, how people’s perceptions differ, language, and non-verbal sensitivities. People differ culturally in various ways such as voice pitch, words used, accents and nonverbal communication i.e. body language. In addition, within the cultures, there is a contrast in how people communicate. Certain actions may be acceptable within some cultures and not applicable in others. There are things that one can do in their culture and if they did the same in other cultures, they may be perceived as being undisciplined or offensive. There are also things that one can omit in some cultures and, therefore be perceived as rude in other cultures. For example, people must be sensitive to the different forms of greetings as they travel from one culture to another. Thus, many business profession

Booker t washington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Booker t washington - Essay Example This essay will explore the life of Washington and explore his influence on education. In 8895, Washington gained national prominence and this lead him to attract attention of the public and the politicians. He became a popular African-American spokesperson. He built a vast network of supporters in majority of black communities, black ministers, educators, and businessmen who were his core supporters. This made him get access to top leaders in education, politics and philanthropy. His role in education became evident when he raising funds and seeking philanthropist to help set and operate a number of community schools and institutions for higher learning for the blacks. He believed that for blacks to gain equal social rights like the whites they had to show industry, intelligence and property in them. The critiques however labelled her organization as the â€Å"Tuskegee Machine†. This was amidst of his efforts to advance the civil rights of the black (Cooney, P.33). The Tuskegee faculty taught the students basic skills that they took back to the rural community. Washington believed that with self-helps, the blacks would prosper from poverty to success. The main reason of sending the students back to the community was to be teachers of farming and traders who would teach new schools and institutions of higher learning for the blacks across the south. With time, the school expanded and programs and department added and lead to the establishment of the today Tuskegee University. He expressed the vision of the blacks through education. Provision of needed skills by the black communities led to their acceptance by the white Americans. After Spanish-America war, President McKinley and his cabinet visited Washington and appreciated his efforts in raising the education levels of the blacks. Washington added his contributions to education by writing fourteen books. The first publication; ‘up from slavery’

Classcial Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Classcial Mythology - Essay Example This exercise gives the account of event and mysteries surrounding Apollo, the god sun of greek mythology and thereafter touch on the significance to modern belief system. Apollo was a son of Zeus and Leto. He was born under difficult circumstances as his mother, Leto was on the run all over the earth looking for a peaceful place to rest and give birth. Hera, the wife of Zeus was caught up with jealousy after discovering that his husband was expecting a child with his lover Leto (Hugh, 17). Thence, this led her to give Leto a chase so she could not get a place to rest and give birth. Luckily, Leto was able to find a place on Delos island where she was received warmly and after nine days of labor she bore twins, Apollo and his sister Artemis. Themis gave aid to Leto when was giving birth. Zeus became pleased and welcomed the twins giving them both silver bows and arrows. He also assured Themis that she would not be bothered in matters concerning marriage as she could live freely if she never intends to be married. Zeus gave to Apollo a golden and magnificent chariot which was pulled by swans. After the delivery Leto had little strength to continue. Apollo was born under a palm tree which later became a sacred place on the slopes of mount Cynthus. Before the birth of Apollo the island Delos was floating but their delivery it became anchored to the earth. Upon the birth of Apollo, Themis gave him ambrosia and nectar which made to rise and requested for a bow and a lyre. He then made a declaration that he was to bring the men of the world to the realm of his father. This made Delos glad and wrapped herself up with golden flowers. The birth Apollo is believed to be on the seventh month according to the ancient tradition. This made the seventh month sacred to him that it was celebrated after through sacrifices and festivals according to Hugh (36). Apollo was known as the god with the bow and arrows. He never tolerated the wicked and the

Hip Mask Representing An Iyoba Essay Example for Free

Hip Mask Representing An Iyoba Essay The exquisiteness of the material and the sophistication of the carving indicate that it was created by the exclusive guild of royal ivory carvers for the king. This exquisite piece is made out of ivory, iron and cooper. This piece also contains pieces of inlaid metal and elaborate coral carvings. The piece dimensions are as followed; H. 9 3/8 x W. 5 x D. 3 1/4 in. (23. 8 x 12. 7 x 8. 3 cm). The mask is a sensitive human idealized portrait, depicting its subject with softly modeled features. This piece is framed with an elegant tiara-like coiffure and openwork collar. The pupils were inlaid with iron metal, the forehead has carved scarification marks and also she is wearing bands of coral beads below the chin. In the necklace you can see miniature motifs that represent heads of the Portuguese soldiers depicted with beards and flowing hair. In the crown tiara-like coiffure are carved more Portuguese heads alternated with figures of stylized mudfish, which symbolizes Olokun, the Lord of the Great Waters. You can see that some of the necklace portion is damage or missing and this could be due to the age and fragility of the coral. This piece is from early African art also known as â€Å"Queen Mother Pendant Mask: Iyoba†. Today, you can find this piece at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Although images of women are very rare this piece has come to symbolize the legacy of a dynasty that continues to the present day. In many of the African cultures the head is a very important, powerful and symbolic piece. The head was consider to be the symbolic center of a person’s intelligence, wisdom, and ability to succeed in this world and/or to be a tool to be able to communicate with spiritual forces in the ancestral world. In Art of History, published in 2011, both Professor Marilyn Stokstad and Michael W. Cothren claim that â€Å"one of the honorifics used for the king is the â€Å"Great Head†. The head leads the body as the king leads the people. All of the memorial heads include representation of coral-beaded caps, necklaces and royal costume. Coral, enclosing the head and displayed on the body, is still the ultimate symbol of the oba’s power and authority. † In an article titled â€Å"Iyoba Idia: The Hidden Oba Of Benin† published in 2006, issue 9 of Jenda: A Journal Of Culture And African Women Studies Nkiru Nzegwu wrote â€Å"Iron and copper inserts were embedded in these cavities in the original model and formed part of the decoration. Some have claimed that these cavities were receptacles for embedded magical potions, and there is a historical explanation for them. The striations were the result of incisions a local doctor-diviner made to disfigure Idia and render her unattractive to Oba Ozolua. As narrated by the present Oba Erediauwa, Idias parents did not wish her to become an Obas wife, and the oracle they consulted advised that they mar her beauty to make her ugly to the Oba (Kaplan 1993, 59). The two incisions not only scarred her face but, to make assurance double sure, they also contained potent medicinal potions which the consulting physician-diviner had assured them would repel Oba Ozolua. The royal explanation is that the plan failed because the Oba sensed that something was wrong before he even saw Idia and quickly neutralized the effects of the medicine. † This is a pendant or ornament mask that represents an iyoba (queen mother-the oba’s mother), the senior female member of the royal court. It’s believed that this piece was produced in the early sixteenth century for the King or Oba Esigie, the king of Benin, who ruled from 1504 to 1550. This piece is to honor his mother, Idia. There are different versions of the purpose of this piece. The most common ones is that this was used a as belt ornament and it was worn at the oba’s hip. The Oba may have worn it at rites commemorating his mother, although today such pendants are worn at annual ceremonies of spiritual renewal and purification. Esigie had the support of Ida and the Portuguese soldiers in the expansion of his kingdom. Ida is remembered for raising an army and using magical powers to help her son Esigie to defeat his enemies.

personal strengths Essay -- essays research papers

Personal Strengths and Weaknesses A reason that this country works well is that everyone has diverse abilities which can contribute to everyday life. Some people let those abilities shine at work, in their personal life or both. As people have their strengths, they also have their weaknesses. There is a problem to improve those weaknesses when the weakness is not identified. Once the weak point is identified it needs to be resolved. A plan of action for improvement helps in solving the situation. In this paper, I will identify abilities and skills that I possess that contribute positively in my work environment, in my personal life, and in my learning team. I will also identify personal areas that need improvement, and outline a plan of action for improvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout my life, my strengths and weaknesses tend to gain more clarity, as I grow older. When I was younger, I did not focus too much on this part of myself. I was interested in child things. I must now use my strengths to improve my weaknesses to strengthen my faults. Several of my strengths are centered on my profession because the majority of my time is spent there. Some of my qualities are beneficial to different situations, while the other qualities hinder. Although we describe our strengths as positive attributes and our weaknesses as negative attributes, they make us who and what we are as individuals. Because of these qualities, each of us is unique in different ways. It is imp... personal strengths Essay -- essays research papers Personal Strengths and Weaknesses A reason that this country works well is that everyone has diverse abilities which can contribute to everyday life. Some people let those abilities shine at work, in their personal life or both. As people have their strengths, they also have their weaknesses. There is a problem to improve those weaknesses when the weakness is not identified. Once the weak point is identified it needs to be resolved. A plan of action for improvement helps in solving the situation. In this paper, I will identify abilities and skills that I possess that contribute positively in my work environment, in my personal life, and in my learning team. I will also identify personal areas that need improvement, and outline a plan of action for improvement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout my life, my strengths and weaknesses tend to gain more clarity, as I grow older. When I was younger, I did not focus too much on this part of myself. I was interested in child things. I must now use my strengths to improve my weaknesses to strengthen my faults. Several of my strengths are centered on my profession because the majority of my time is spent there. Some of my qualities are beneficial to different situations, while the other qualities hinder. Although we describe our strengths as positive attributes and our weaknesses as negative attributes, they make us who and what we are as individuals. Because of these qualities, each of us is unique in different ways. It is imp...

Keeping Google Googley

Key factors that were crucial to Google’s early success can be attributed to the following: 1. Partnered with right companies such as AOL & Yahoo spring boarded the company in success with more than 100m search enquiries per day paving the way for subsequent successes. 2. Had the right products such as Adwords, which had 4x more click-Â ­? through rates than competing products. The company followed up with Google toolbar that further penetrated the market and expanded into the right area of search for mobile devices. 3. Quickly expanded relevant services such as Google news, finance, book search, gmail, calendar documents etc. It also includes strategic acquisition of YouTube & Picasa that provided users with majority of Internet services and it increased stickiness to users achieving the results of 62. 4% for searches by December 2007. 4. Mesh organizational structure ensured shares responsibility and teamwork by enabling all parties involved to work together in the case of AdSense. The non-Â ­? departmental segregation increased teamwork and primed the organization for success. 5. Fast expansion outside of US enabled he company to operate in a global scale that in turn boosted its revenue with more than half generated outside US. About 40% of total headcount was outside US indicating aggressive expansion plans. 6. Googleplex promoted community building and was a platform for people from various business units to meet and mingle. This encouraged cross-Â ­? pollination of ideas and more importantly fulfilled the purpose of providing social interaction and intimacy that would make working with someone you already knew easier. 7. Operate as market-Â ­? based company that listened o the needs of users. This is manifested in the number 1 of Google’s ‘Ten things’-Â ­? ‘Focus on users and all else will follow’. Beta test versions allowed feedback from public that enhanced features before general release. 8. Decision based on consensus ensured that all opinions are equally respected and taken into consideration before a decision is made. A consensus meant everyone understood and agreed with the best decision, which reduces resistance later in the project. 9. New hires provided with training and induction into the company that bolstered their apabilities and reduced their learning curves, enabling them to hit the ground running at the shorted possible time. As evidenced by the above, the 5 Words to describe Google’s culture are: (1) Fast-Â ­? moving environment (2) Community environ ment (3) Innovative spirit (4) Training as a way of continuous improvement and (5) Consensus-Â ­? based decision making process. To effectively retain the Google culture, I would suggest the following: 1. Continue to employ people with the culture and values close to the company’s values. Alternatively, take in young graduates s interns to spruce idea generation in the company. 2. In tackling geographical expansion, Google can promote externships that encourage employee exchange to other locations. This will aid them in meeting colleagues from other parts of the world; promote cross-Â ­? border learning and import good practices to their local offices. 3. Continuously develop new products and services that perpetuate innovative spirit. Having more products and services gives employees variety of thought that could ensure continuous flow of ideas that can be self-Â ­? reinforcing.

Barangay Management System Essay

DE LA SALLE LIPA College of Information Technology & Engineering INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT Proponents : Gonzales, Maricar Lee, Kimberly Anne A. Suguitan, Constante III Section: IT4A Proposed Title: Barangay Management System for Brgy. Antipolo del Norte Problems/Opportunities: 1. The process of tracking records of daily, weekly and monthly records become less efficient and less accurate because in a manual system the data might be misplaced or lost. 2. Having a manual record management system requires a lot of storage space and filing equipment in the office because hard copies of the files are kept. 3. The process of writing the record manually in a piece of paper, keeping, and finding the records of the consumer are time consuming causing slow retrieval of information and transactions. Objectives: 1. To make a computerized record management system to easily find the records so that it is accurate, complete, accessible, and usable. 2. To reduce operating costs including office space, equipment and staff to maintain an organized filing system. 3. To minimize the time in writing the record, to eliminate the use of paper and to improve efficiency and productivity of the employee. Scope: The scope of this system is to provide user efficient working environment and generates more output. This system provides friendly user interface resulting in knowing each and every usability features of the system. It prepares and prints barangay permits and certifications (e.g. Community Tax Certificate, Barangay Clearance, etc.) It also processes fee such as barangay clearance fees and others. It also enables easy searching of records. This system also allows for other barangay related functions as those including security such as incident reporting, blotter, and other related services. It also provides that it maintains an updated record of residents for easy identification, and updated references. It also provides a back-up and recovery utility for security. Also, this system provides high level of security for specific people (e.g. administrators and staffs) who can access the system where administrators have the full access in using the system while the employee just have the limited access in terms of confidential records. No changes can be made in it until it verifies the user log in id and password. The salary of the employee will not be covered by the system. Beneficiaries: This paper can be used in future research and will benefit the following people: Workers/ Employee The workers will experience easier and faster way of record keeping and retrieval of records. Customer The customer will experience a faster service than before. Future Researchers The proposed system will help the future researchers to have more ideas about management system. Operational Framework Barangay Management System is a computerized system that provides fast and reliable processing of services to its users and customers. It also generates reports that are essential for statistical information, and research and accreditation purposes.

E Bike Marketing Plan Essay Example

E Bike Marketing Plan Essay Example E Bike Marketing Plan Paper E Bike Marketing Plan Paper EXECUTIVE SUMMARY : This marketing plan examines the launch of a human-electric hybrid bicycle called e-bike by the world’s largest motorcycle manufacturing company HONDA, in China. We all know that the Global Warming is a serious issue to be addressed. This is the right time to realize the importance of eco-friendly products to save the earth from global warming and its ill effects. Unfortunately the automobile emissions are the second largest contributors for the green house gases. Honda with a vision to become the world leader in environment and energy technologies launches this innovative and futuristic eco-friendly product called e-bike. This zero CO2 emission mobility is certainly a head turner which is stolen from the future, which efficiently converts the human force to proposed force. This e-bike is half bicycle and half motorbike and there is no accelerator like the usual electric bikes. One need to pedal to move forwards, the quicker you pedal the faster it goes. It has a regenerative charging capability called loop charging, that is when you go down the hill the motor becomes a generator and charges the battery again. This increase the total distance the bike can go. Its light weight, foldable to a very small size like a Swiss knife and can be put in a rucksack. It is useful in the cities when you have to take in an elevator or carry it to the flat, metro trains, busses, cars etc. This is a transport revolution and its nothing like the world has seen before. It’s going to epitomize the smart urban movement. This is how the future gets around! Table of Contents COMPANY BACKGROUND SITUATION ANALYSIS ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING LEGAL AND REGULATORY FORCES SWOT ANALYSIS COMPETITOR ANALYSIS CRITIQUE MARKETING MANEUVER PRODUCT PLACE PRICING PROMOTIONS AND ADVERTISING FINANCIALS TARGET SALES SALES FORECAST BUDGETING EXPENSES ADVERTISING BUDGET REFERENCES APPENDICES COMPANY BACKGROUND : Honda Motor Company, Ltd. is a Japanese multinational corporation primarily known as a manufacturer of automobiles and motorcycles. Soichiro Honda is the founder of the company. It has been the worlds largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959. Even in the rapidly changing business environment of FY2010, Honda supplied more than 24 million products to customers worldwide. From its early days, Honda has been implementing proactive measures to help solve environmental challenges. In 1972, under the theme â€Å"Blue Skies for Our Children,† it introduced the CVCC engine, becoming the worlds first automaker to comply with the U. S. Clean Air Act without the use of a catalytic converter (the world’s most stringent emissions regulations at the time). In late 1999, Honda launched the first commercial hybrid electric car, the Honda Insight. With a view to fighting global warming and reducing exhaust emissions overall, Honda is engaged in the research and development of alternative motorcycle power sources. To maintain a leading position in the future of mobility, Honda will continue to develop motorcycles and other mobility technologies that demonstrate a strong commitment to environmental responsibility Honda’s vision for personal mobility for the next 100 years of mobility calls for an accelerated shift away from fossil fuels, and for the early development of technologies that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions to zero. This is because continuing growth in the world’s population is likely to result in continuing growth in the demand for mobility. This is because continuing growth in the world’s population is likely to result in continuing growth in the demand for mobility. SITUATION ANALYSIS : ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING China has experienced an explosive growth of sales of electric bicycles and scooters, with annual sales jumping from 56 thousand units in 1998 to over 21 million in 2008 and reaching an estimated fleet of 120 million e-bikes as of early 2010. This boom was triggered by Chinese local governments efforts to restrict motorcycles in city centers to avoid traffic disruption and accidents. By late 2009 motorcycles are banned or restricted in over ninety major Chinese cities. Users began replacing traditional bicycles and motorcycles and, in e-bike became an alternative to commuting by car. LEGAL AND REGULATORY FORCES In China electric bikes currently come under the same classification as bicycles and hence dont require a drivers license to operate. Previously it was required that users registered their bike in order to be recovered if stolen, although this has recently been abolished. Due to a recent rise in electric-bicycle-related accidents, caused mostly by inexperienced riders who ride on the wrong side of the road, run red lights, dont use headlights at night etc. , the Chinese government plans to change the legal status of illegal bicycles so that vehicles with an unladen weight of 20  kg or more and a top speed of 30kmh or more will require a motorcycle license to operate, while vehicles lighter than 20  kg and slower than 30kmh can be ridden unlicensed. In the southern Chinese cities of Guangzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen, electric bicycles, like all motorcycles, are banned from certain downtown districts. There are also bans in place in small areas of Shanghai, Hangzhou and Beijing. SWOT ANALYSIS – Strengths Honda Motor Company, Ltd has the ability to compete the market challenge from its existing facility of production. Honda Motor Company, Ltd has the ability to produce a high quality product i. e. electric bike in any quantity. It has many existing distributors which will help the Grasshopper electric bike to cover the market place along with some new distributors. It has a competent team, experienced in the Japan industry. Grasshopper Electric bike is environmentally friendly. Multi-tasking features of the new product highlight it among the existing range of products. It has access to monetary resources if required. Honda Motor Company, Ltd has been the worlds largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959 and has dominance in motorbike industry for nearly 51 years and can now apply that experience and skill to a new market with an appropriately researched product. Chinese can have a resistance to Western products. Due to this the newly launched product will gain an initial advantage in the market. Threats: Yamaha, SANYO, are also on the verge to launch the similar product. There are many competitors who have already established their market dominance in the same product in china. The time taken to do business in China will stretch human resources. Opportunities: Chinese can be more loyal to brand than Western brands. The demand for electric bike is growing rapidly. The product will be considered good for health as it can also act as exercise equipment. Due to the issue of global warming the opportunity increases and gradually helps out in accelerating sales Estimates suggest that by 2013 China will have the largest number of electric bike users. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS CRITIQUE This e-bike is a folding electric bicycle that not only serves as a means of transportation, but can also become a stationary exercise bike and can even generate and store kinetic energy. Electric and pedal power hybrid bicycles make a lot of sense to commuters. With a small amount of battery power to augment your pedalling efforts, you can achieve extra speed and distance while leaving a minimal environmental footprint and paying next to nothing per kilometre. One can ride a bicycle almost anywhere, at any time of the year, and at lowest cost! MARKETING MANEUVER : PRODUCT – There’s nothing that we love more than a well-designed bike! A Human-Electric hybrid bicycle, also known as an e-bike, is a bicycle with an electric motor used to power the vehicle or to assist with pedalling and use rechargeable batteries. The human-electric hybrid bicycle may best be described as human power augmented as in blending human and motor power. Herein lies its uniqueness, utility and exceptional riding enjoyment. While e-bikes are ridden by cyclists of all ages, on many different rides and routes and for different purposes. This is a relatively new kind of bicycle for those of us who enjoy pedalling. Pedal Power Electric Bike Concept can not only get you to work in the morning it can double as an exercise bike when you get home. The bike generates its own energy from pedal power. You can choose to pedal down the hills and ride up the hills using electric power. It also features a bar-mounted control unit, or HMI (Human-Machine Interface). It displays the battery status and allows users to choose between up to four power settings, offering electrical pedalling assistance from levels of 0 to 150 percent. The power settings are: Eco (maximum range), Tour (standard setting), Sports (dynamic riding) and Speed (maximum setting). Its foldable frame also makes it a perfect compact solution for city commuting and apartment living, which is green and hip! PLACE – Place refers to the means by which your customer acquires the product. This includes the actual place it is purchased from i. e the shop, the telephone, the web page, the warehouse as well as the actual route of distribution. The e-bikes can be sold in all Honda motorcycle showrooms and there are about 44 major Honda dealers in china. The platforms like expos, trade shows, consumer fairs and new distributors can be used for sales. In China there are a lot on-line dealers contribute to major number of sales. PRICING – One of the four major elements of the marketing mix is price. Pricing is an important strategic issue because it is related to product positioning. Furthermore, pricing affects other marketing mix elements such as product features, channel decision, and promotion. So price plays an important role in the increase of sales. The price of our product will be $1200. At the launch of the product there will be no discount, this will help out to maintain and preserve the prestige and value of product. There will be no hidden cost and net price will be given in order to ensure it is presentable and easily understood by the customer. The price of the e-bike is to be set by taking certain market aspects into consideration. Certain marketing aspects such as: Non-Price competition: As there are many Electric bikes available in Chinese market. The range of Electric bike ranges from $500 $2500. As the Grasshopper electric bike can not only get you to work in the morning it can double as an exercise bike when you get home. So as compared to other models in the present market, there is no such product serving in $1200 in Chinese market. Matching competitor’s price: The main theme is that it is a complete differentiated product among the present products in market. It also match’s the competitors price in market and provide more benefits in the same price. Matching competitor’s price gives an advantage to create the remarkable position not only in market but also in consumer’s sight. Balancing the price with the competitor’s product creates a platform to compare the available products in market and makes even easier in product selection for consumers. Unit sales growth: The price has to be set by aiming at the target for the sales of unit to be grown. The reason for setting up the price in moderate range is to increase the number of sale in market. Market share growth: Also it is taken into consideration about the growth in the market share. If the product is impressive at affordable rates it becomes easier to capture the market share and it is also the primary aim of a company to mark an outstanding market share growth. Targeted profit return: Targeted profit return is one of the most important factors while pricing the product. The scale of the returned profit helps out to draw out the plan for company’s progress. Company can make further progress on the basis of the profit it is gaining. Establishment of new units, working on to create new and efficient products, launching those new products require a considerable amount of fund. So in order to carry on the further progress price should be set in order to gain targeted profit. PROMOTIONS AND ADVERTISING (BRANDING STRATEGIES) i. LAUNCH : Beijing Auto Show Beijing International Automotive Exhibition or Auto China is an auto show held biennially in Beijing, China since 1990. It has now become one of three top auto shows in the world along with Frankfurt and Detroit. ii. CO-SPONSORSHIP : Great Wall of China Marathon (GWCM) The Great Wall Marathon is an annual marathon race held in May along and on the Huangyuan, Tianjin section of the Great Wall of China East of Beijing. The race has grown over the years to several hundred participants. iii. Brand Ambassador : Mr. BRAD PITT â€Å"THE GREEN CELEBRITY† Brad Pitt is famous as a green celebrity. Though the actor was going green all the way back in 2004, purchasing hybrid cars and calling for energy independence, hes made the biggest green mark on the world of green building and sustainable design through his support for the rebuilding projects in New Orleans. Hes teamed up with Global Green USA for a sustainable design competition and a handful of other projects totalling millions of dollars and countless hours spent on making the Big Easy a greener city from the ground up. Pitt has also found time to host a public broadcasting series on green design, help design a green hotel in Dubai and purchase an eco-friendly winery with wife Angelina Jolie. The eco celeb has started a non-profit organization to research green building techniques. Currently, Brad Pitt helps build low cost green homes in New Orleans. He will make an apt ambassador for the e-bike, as he is a global personality and one who believes in green mission. iv. Billboards and Print advertising FINANCIALS : This section will offer a financial overview of Honda Motor Company, Ltd as it relates to the marketing activities. Honda Motor Company, Ltd will address target sales, sales forecasts and how they link to the marketing activities. TARGET SALES – Annual electric bike (e-bike) sales in China grew from 40,000 in 1998 to 20 million in 2010. This rapid transition from human-powered bicycles and asoline-powered scooters to an all-electric bike technology system is special in the evolution of transportation technology and unique to China. We examine how and why e-bikes developed so quickly in China with particular focus on the key technical, economic, and political factors involved. These appeals that it is important to China as it embarks on a large-scale transition to personal vehicles, but also more sustainable forms of transportation. Looking at the increasing sales mark it is estimated that in coming year from 2011- 2013 the sales will hit the target of 2. 5 million in 2011 further climbing through 2. 8 million up to 3. million in 2013. SALES FORECAST – The first year will be used to secure market space, set it up to product standard. During the first six months relationships will be established with many different distributors in the market. These relationships will be based on Honda Motor Company, Ltd willingness to take all of their closeouts. Typically, the manufacturer will call several distributors and eventually will explain them the strategy to accelerate the market sales. Honda Motor Company, Ltd increased willingness to create an incentive for the distributors based upon their sales can make the sense for increasing the future sales. As the number of electric bikes per annum is increasing in china, it helps out to diagnose the sale forecast in china. As the society is becoming more concern about global warming more number of people are switching on to electric bicycles. China is one of biggest market of electric bikes. The number of electric bikes ridden had been increased dramatically, so based on this it can be diagnosed that the future sale is favourable in China for the Grasshopper electric bike as it can be used for various purposes other than riding. Following the above plan, it is forecasted that sales will steadily increase during this year. Sales| 2011| 2012| 2013| Direct Sales| $3000000000| $3360000000| $3500000000| BUDGETING : Costing predictions are difficult in the market entry. In the perfect competition, possibilities and consequences are ambiguous. Tentative budgeting can be done. The purpose of a marketing budget is to pull all the revenues and costs together involved in marketing into one comprehensive document. It is a managerial tool that balances what is needed to be spent against what can be afforded, and helps make choices about priorities. It is then used in monitoring performance in practice. The marketing budget is usually the most powerful tool by which you think through the relationship between desired results and available means. Its starting point should be the marketing strategies and plans, which have already been formulated in the marketing plan itself; although, in practice, the two will run in parallel and will interact. At the very least, the rigorous, highly quantified, budgets may cause a rethink of some of the more optimistic elements of the plans. EXPENSES: The marketing expenses will be budgeted to ramp up before and slightly after the two major trade shows each year. The website expenses however, will be consistent throughout the year. Expense will be accrued in terms of launching a new product in Chinese market. Trade show, advertising and other promotional factors will be added to the cart of expenses. Looking at the Chinese advertising market, it is the leading way to popular your product among the individual. So expense can be forecasted as the position of the company becomes stronger and firm in the Chinese market. The expense will increase as the company’s sales will proceed in the following year. It will be more focused on the promotion of the product and expanding its brand value among the people. So by taking into concern various above aspects expense budget can be forecasted. Marketing Expense Budget   | 2011| 2012| 2013| Trade shows| $80000| $87000| $95000| Advertising| $86000| $92000| $97000| Other| $25000| $31000| $40000| Total Expenses| $191000| $210000| $232000| ADVERTISING BUDGET HONDA Motors should allocate funds appropriately for different channels of advertising. There should be proper diversification of funds. The company should try to create impact in mind of customers by advertising its product in various mediums like television, billboards, internet, newspaper, magazines, tradeshows etc. The main target of advertising should be to create long lasting image of product in mind of the target audience. Following should be allocation of advertising budget. Sr. No| Mode of Media| % Advertising Budget| 1. | Television| 8| 2. | Billboards| 15| 3. | Magazines| 20| 4. | Newspapers| 18| 5. | Internet| 23| 6. | Trade show| 16|